docs: rewrite README with structured overview and quick start guide

Replaces the minimal project description with a comprehensive README
including a component overview table, quick start instructions, common
Ansible operations, and links to detailed documentation. Aligns with
Red Panda Approval™ standards.

ansible/loki/config.yml.j2

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+auth_enabled: false
+
+server:
+  http_listen_port: {{ loki_port }}
+  grpc_listen_port: {{ loki_grpc_port }}
+
+common:
+  path_prefix: {{ loki_data_dir }}
+  storage:
+    filesystem:
+      chunks_directory: {{ loki_data_dir }}/chunks
+      rules_directory: {{ loki_data_dir }}/rules
+  replication_factor: 1
+  ring:
+    instance_addr: 127.0.0.1
+    kvstore:
+      store: inmemory
+
+query_range:
+  results_cache:
+    cache:
+      embedded_cache:
+        enabled: true
+        max_size_mb: 100
+
+schema_config:
+  configs:
+    - from: 2024-04-01
+      object_store: filesystem
+      store: tsdb
+      schema: v13
+      index:
+        prefix: index_
+        period: 24h
+
+ruler:
+  alertmanager_url: http://{{ alertmanager_host }}:{{ alertmanager_port }}
+
+# Red Panda Approved Configuration
+analytics:
+  reporting_enabled: false