demeter/server/app/device_store.py

"""
Demeter Server — In-Memory Device Store

Maintains the device registry (from YAML config) and a cache of
the latest sensor readings received via CoAP Observe notifications.

No database — this is intentionally simple for the POC.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import asyncio
import logging
import time
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Any, Optional

from .config import DeviceConfig, DevicesConfig

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


@dataclass
class SensorReading:
    """A single sensor reading with metadata."""
    value: Any
    unit: str = ""
    timestamp: float = 0.0
    stale: bool = False

    def age_seconds(self) -> float:
        """Seconds since this reading was recorded."""
        if self.timestamp == 0:
            return float("inf")
        return time.time() - self.timestamp

    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
        return {
            "value": self.value,
            "unit": self.unit,
            "timestamp": self.timestamp,
            "stale": self.stale,
            "age_seconds": round(self.age_seconds(), 1),
        }


@dataclass
class DeviceState:
    """Runtime state for a single device."""
    config: DeviceConfig
    online: bool = False
    last_seen: float = 0.0
    readings: dict[str, SensorReading] = field(default_factory=dict)

    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
        return {
            "id": self.config.id,
            "name": self.config.name,
            "ip": self.config.ip,
            "port": self.config.port,
            "enabled": self.config.enabled,
            "online": self.online,
            "last_seen": self.last_seen,
            "readings": {
                uri: reading.to_dict()
                for uri, reading in self.readings.items()
            },
        }


class DeviceStore:
    """
    Thread-safe in-memory store for device metadata and sensor readings.

    Designed for single-process asyncio usage (FastAPI + aiocoap).
    """

    def __init__(self, devices_config: DevicesConfig):
        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
        self._devices: dict[str, DeviceState] = {}

        for dev in devices_config.devices:
            self._devices[dev.id] = DeviceState(config=dev)
            logger.info(
                "Registered device %s (%s) at %s:%d with %d resources",
                dev.id, dev.name, dev.ip, dev.port, len(dev.resources),
            )

    # ── Queries ──

    async def get_device(self, device_id: str) -> Optional[DeviceState]:
        """Get a single device state, or None if not found."""
        async with self._lock:
            return self._devices.get(device_id)

    async def get_all_devices(self) -> list[DeviceState]:
        """Get all registered devices."""
        async with self._lock:
            return list(self._devices.values())

    async def get_enabled_devices(self) -> list[DeviceState]:
        """Get only enabled devices (for subscription)."""
        async with self._lock:
            return [d for d in self._devices.values() if d.config.enabled]

    async def get_device_by_ip(self, ip: str) -> Optional[DeviceState]:
        """Look up a device by IP address."""
        async with self._lock:
            for dev in self._devices.values():
                if dev.config.ip == ip:
                    return dev
            return None

    async def snapshot(self) -> dict[str, dict]:
        """Return a JSON-serializable snapshot of all devices + readings."""
        async with self._lock:
            return {
                dev_id: state.to_dict()
                for dev_id, state in self._devices.items()
            }

    # ── Updates ──

    async def update_reading(
        self,
        device_id: str,
        resource_uri: str,
        value: Any,
        unit: str = "",
    ) -> None:
        """Record a new sensor reading from a CoAP notification."""
        async with self._lock:
            state = self._devices.get(device_id)
            if state is None:
                logger.warning("Reading for unknown device %s, ignoring", device_id)
                return

            now = time.time()
            state.readings[resource_uri] = SensorReading(
                value=value,
                unit=unit,
                timestamp=now,
            )
            state.online = True
            state.last_seen = now

        logger.debug(
            "Updated %s/%s = %s %s",
            device_id, resource_uri, value, unit,
        )

    async def mark_online(self, device_id: str) -> None:
        """Mark a device as online (e.g., on successful subscription)."""
        async with self._lock:
            state = self._devices.get(device_id)
            if state:
                state.online = True
                state.last_seen = time.time()

    async def mark_offline(self, device_id: str) -> None:
        """Mark a device as offline (e.g., on subscription failure)."""
        async with self._lock:
            state = self._devices.get(device_id)
            if state:
                state.online = False
                # Mark all readings as stale
                for reading in state.readings.values():
                    reading.stale = True

    async def mark_reading_stale(
        self, device_id: str, resource_uri: str
    ) -> None:
        """Mark a specific reading as stale (e.g., Max-Age expired)."""
        async with self._lock:
            state = self._devices.get(device_id)
            if state and resource_uri in state.readings:
                state.readings[resource_uri].stale = True